Public Service Broadcasting is intended for public purposes rather than for commercial interests, Ofcom are one of the main regulators and have stated that certain television and radio stations have requirements as part of their license to broadcast. A very good example of Public Service Broadcasting is the BBC the audience pay a licence fee of £131.50 a year with different rates for the elderly and the blind. This means that the BBC are just for the public's interest, no adverts and no product placement. They focus on the viewing pleasure for the audience such as realising new content, updating their online websites, the annual free that the public have to pay goes to different sectors of the BBC, as I mention above, some percentage will go to making new content, updating their online websites, making new scripts and so on.
Commercial Broadcasting is also known as private broadcasting, were privately owned corporate media broadcast television and radio shows. For example ITV are one of the largest commercial company of channels in the UK. ITV delivers their content on more than one platform including online websites. Out of the small family of channels including ITV, ITV2, ITV3, Encore and CITV, ITV made their largest share in 2015 with advertising market with 46.1%.
Commercial Broadcasting is also known as private broadcasting, were privately owned corporate media broadcast television and radio shows. For example ITV are one of the largest commercial company of channels in the UK. ITV delivers their content on more than one platform including online websites. Out of the small family of channels including ITV, ITV2, ITV3, Encore and CITV, ITV made their largest share in 2015 with advertising market with 46.1%. Corporate and private ownership is where the television channel or programme is funded by advertising, where they are more interested in satisfying the shareholder than the viewers. Not all corporate broadcasting have private broadcasting, they will use advertising instead. Private ownership's have more channels to vary from, But will have certain channels that fit a certain target audience for example MTV are owned by a private ownership called Viacom Media Networks. MTV have a target audience between 16 and 24. This means that the adverts shown on MTV will be fit to that target audience. Rather than Discovery channel were the target audience is ranged between 24 and 54.
Global companies are based in one country, and trades all around the world. For example The Walt Disney Company is based in Burbank California, but trades with other countries such as Paris, Japan, Hong Kong, Florida, China and Hawaii. Global companies will slightly adapt to the country they are trading in, for instance Walt Disney in Florida will adapt to the weather and the food that they eat, and it will then adapt in China with changing the language and different online websites to suit the country.
Vertical Integration is when one company has ownership of production, distribution and exhibition by the same studio. A very good example of vertical integration is Warner brothers company. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 2, was produced mainly by Warner brothers with help from Heyday Films. the film was then distrusted by Warner brothers Picture studio, and then exhibited by Warner Brothers where they used their international chain to help promote the film.
Horizontal integration is the complete opposite to vertical integration, Horizontal integration is where the production company has ownership of a particular area and can expand and buy out other companies that specialise in their sector. For example Casino Royale (2006) directed by Martin Campbell. Uses Horizontal Integration, Sony is the main company that produced the film and other Sony owned companies for example Columbia Pictures.But during the production process other companies helped make the film, for instance Eon productions which is an american owned British film company that are well known for making James Bond films. A disadvantage of horizontal integration is creating monopolies, once they own most parts of the industry they can no longer go any higher.
The Licence fee is an annual fee of £131.50, as stated above the licence fee is slightly different for elderly and the blind. This means that they cannot have product placement or advertisements during or in there television programmes due to company being for the public's interest. BBC is a very good example of using the licence fee.
One-off payment to own a product is paying for something upfront with no extra costs and receiving the product there and then. For example purchasing a DVD in a video shop, after the purchase the product is yours. You do not need to return it or pay monthly subscriptions for it.
Pay per view is paying through a company like sky for something once, and after that viewing is complete there are no more payments. A very good example of pay per view is Sky, If you have a standard sky box with no upgrades but wish to watch a major boxing game that's airing later that evening, then sky box office allows to purchase the game to view once. A good example of Pay per view is Sky Box office, boxing.
sponsorship is a form of advertising where the company pays to be apart of an event. A very good example of sponsorship is Audible.com, This company is one of the many audiobook down loaders. Audible pay's youtubers to promote their products in their videos. Here is a youtuber that has been sponsored by Audible.com
Advertising is used to promote different products or services, in the media industry advertisements can be displayed on billboards, magazines, television radio and so much more. A very good example of advertising and how much it costs depending on the show, is ITV's coronation street, one of coronation streets sponsorship's are compare the market where they signed a 30 million deal for three years. During the super bowl in 2015, over 111 Million people this means that if a company wanted a 30 second advert commercial they would be paying roughly $3.5 million.
Product placement is when manufacturing good pay companies such as film production companies money to display their product in film or television programme to gain exposure. A very comical example of this is a clip from Wayne's World (1992) where he states he doesn't bow down to any sponsor.
Private Capital is where private investigators put their own money into private companies. For example private investors such as Megan Ellison, who had received a lump sum of money from her parents and didn't exactly know what to do with the money, During Megan Ellison's starting career in the film business she contacted Katherine Brooks who is the writer and director of Loving Annabelle (2006) and suggested in investing in the film makers next movie. From there on Megan Ellison has been a private Investor for films such as Main Street (2010) starring Colin Firth it was given a little attention at film festivals but never gained general release.
Crowd-funding is a way of raising money for a production, you can raise a small amount of money from lots of different people. For example Kick starter is an online website that helps films get the budget they need to peruse the making. Other ways of funding is self funding for example Kevin Smith the maker of Clerks (1994) To finance the movie Kevin Smith maxed out dozens of credit cards and sold his prize possession of comic books making $27,575. He then casted friends for the main roles, this saved him a lot of money and a lot of time when pre producing.
The film was a critical financial success making $3.1 million.
Development funds provide appropriate funds and technical help that a company needs. An example for that is MDIF (media development investment fund) helping media companies to become financially stable. Since 1996 MDIF have invested 133 million dollars into 108 independent businesses. The BFI and National Lotto are a development funder, they help fund films for example London Road a film made in 2015 directed by Rufus Norris, the film documents the events of 2006, when they found the bodies of five women. Another film funded by the BFI is Iona made in 2015 directed by Scott Graham, the film is based on Iona's teenage son and to take him to a holy island to escape from violent crime. The BFI uses fund from the lottery to help fund the films. Iona had a budget of one million pounds.
Bibliography
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